paraelectric material

"Paraelectric material" generates dielectric polarizations when an electric field is applied to the material and the material looses the polarizations when the electric field is removed. In "paraelectric materials," three kinds of polarizations exist: (1) electronic polarization, (2) ionic polarization, and (3) orientational polarization. In electronic polarization, electrons are displaced against the atomic nucleus. In ionic polarization, positive ions are displaced against negative ions. In orientational polarization, molecules having permanent dipole moments change their directions under an electric field. The paraelectric material has a small permittivity and a small dielectric loss. A material which is called quantum paraelectrics does not transform to a ferroelectric phase but remains at the paraelectric state even around absolute zero temperature due to zero-point oscillation of phonons.

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